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Descriptive Statements:
- Analyze the characteristics of elements, compounds, and mixtures.
- Apply methods used to determine the chemical and physical properties of unknown substances.
- Analyze physical, chemical, and nuclear changes in matter.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the characteristics of radioactive materials.
Sample Item:
Which of the following only occurs during a nuclear change?
- Valence electrons are raised to higher energy levels.
- Two or more types of atoms are combined.
- Energy is released to the surroundings.
- An element's atomic number is reduced.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
D. This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of the
characteristics of radioactive materials. Chemical and physical changes do not involve
changes within the nucleus of an atom and therefore would not lead to a reduction in an
element's atomic number. This type of change would only result from a nuclear change.
Descriptive Statements:
- Analyze various historical and contemporary models of atomic structure and the supporting evidence for these models.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the properties of and interactions between electrons, protons, and neutrons; and the relationships among energy levels, photons, and atomic spectra.
- Demonstrate the ability to analyze electron configurations, orbital notations (or diagrams), and Lewis (or electron) dot symbols.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the organization of the periodic table and its usefulness in predicting the physical and chemical properties and relative reactivity of given elements.
Sample Item:
Which of the following elements is the most electronegative?
- hydrogen
- fluorine
- radon
- francium
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
B. This question requires the examinee to demonstrate knowledge of the
periodic table and its usefulness in predicting the relative reactivity of given elements.
The electronegativity of elements in the periodic table tends to increase from bottom to
top within a group and from left to right across a period. Of the given elements, fluorine
is in the uppermost position on the right-hand side of the periodic table.
Descriptive Statements:
- Demonstrate knowledge of the basic principles of the kinetic molecular theory and the distinguishing characteristics of the four states of matter.
- Analyze heating and cooling curves and phase diagrams.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the relationships among volume, temperature, and pressure in gases.
- Solve problems involving the gas laws.
Sample Item:
A gas occupies a volume of 1.25 liters at a pressure of 825 mm Hg. What will be the
final pressure of this gas if it is compressed into a volume of 725 mL at constant
temperature?
- 479 mm Hg
- 748 mm Hg
- 1.30 × 1031.30 times 10 cubed mm Hg
- 1.42 × 1031.42 times 10 cubed mm Hg
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
D. This question requires the examinee to solve a problem involving
the gas laws. If the temperature and number of moles of a gas are held constant, the
relationship between initial pressure and initial volume and a new pressure and a new
volume is P1V1 = P2V2P subscript 1 V subscript 1 equals P subscript 2 V subscript 2. This relationship can be used to calculate the new pressure
when the initial pressure, initial volume, and new volume are known.
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